INDIAN LANGUAGES : DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDIAN LANGUAGES.

INDIAN LANGUAGES : DIFFERENT TYPES OF  INDIAN LANGUAGES.

Writing in india came earlier than many other civilization of different part of the world , writing in india is from the time of Indus Valley Civilization which was the first and the most advanced civilization on indian subcontinent in ancient time.writing of indus valley civilization is still not deciphered as it was written around four thousand years ago. 

Indus Valley Civilization Language

Ancient Scripts :

I. Brahmi Script: 

Brahmi Language

Brahmi is that the advanced name for a composing arrangement of old India. The Brahmi composing framework, or content, showed up as a totally evolved general one in South Asia within the third century BCE, and may be a precursor of all composing frameworks that have discovered use in South Asia apart from the Indus content of the third thousand years BCE, the Kharosthi content, which began in what today is northwestern Pakistan within the fourth or conceivably fifth century BCE the Perso-Arabic Scripts of the medieval period, and therefore the Latin contents of the leading edge period. Its relatives, the Brahmic contents, keep it up getting used today in South Asia, yet additionally Southeast Asia . Brahmi is an abugida which utilizes an appointment of diacritical imprints to attach vowels with consonant images.

II. Kharosthi Script : 

Kharosthi Script

The Kharosthi language was an antiquated Indian content utilized in Gandhara (presently Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan) to compose Gandhari Prakrit and Sanskrit. it had been utilized in Central Asia also. An abugida, it had been presented in any event by the center of the third century BCE, perhaps during the fourth century BCE, and stayed getting used until it ceased to exist in its country around the third century CE.

Indian languages are classified into following families : 

1.Indo European (particularly the Indo Iranian Branch).

2.Dravidians.

3.AustroAsiatic(Particularly the Munda Branch).

4.Sino Tibetan(Particularly the  Tibeto Burman).

As There are Hundreds of languages spoken in different parts of india...But only 22 Indian Languages have been Mentioned in Indian Constitution.

These 22 indian Languages are  Assamese,Bangali,Gujrati,Dogri,Hindi,Marathi,Nepali,Oriya,Konkani ,Sanskrit,Sindhi,Kashmiri, Urdu,Punjabi,Maithali...all these languages belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European Family; Kannada, Malayalam , Tamil and Telugu belongs to Dravidian Language Family;other three remaining , Manipuri(meitei) is spoken in Manipur, Bodo spoken in northeastern india , these languages are classified as belonging to the Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan language family,

andSantali is classified as Munda Languages.

Aside from the Khasian dialects spoken in Meghalaya, northeastern India, and therefore the Nicobarese dialects, spoken within the Nicobar Islands within the Andaman Sea lying just toward the northwest of the Indonesian island of Sumatra—the two of which are ordered inside the Mon-Khmer subfamily of Austroasiatic—different dialects of the Austronesian family are spoken in Southeast Asia.

Sumerian Language :

Sumerian Language

Sumerian language, language separate and therefore the most seasoned composed language in presence. First bore witness to around 3100 BCE in southern Mesopotamia, it thrived during the third thousand years BCE. Around 2000 BCE, Sumerian was supplanted as a communicated in language by Semitic Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) yet proceeded in composed utilization nearly to the furthest limit of the lifetime of the Akkadian language, round the start of the Christian period. Sumerian never expanded much past its unique limits in southern Mesopotamia; the modest number of its local speakers was totally tousled with regards to the large significance and impact Sumerian practiced on the advancement of the Mesopotamian and other old civic establishments within the entirety of their stages.

Gujarati Language :

Gujarati Language

Gujarati language, Indo-Aryan individual from the Indo-Iranian gathering of Indo-European dialects. Gujarati is formally perceived inside the Indian constitution and is spoken by very 46 million individuals. A large portion of those live inside the Indian territory of Gujarat, however there are huge diaspora networks round the world, particularly inside the uk and along these lines the us .

The advancement of the language can followed to roughly the twelfth century CE. Gujarati emphasis is genuinely mind boggling, checking three sexual orientations (manly, female, and fix), two numbers (particular and plural), and three cases (nominative, diagonal, and agentive-locative) for things. It is normally composed with a cursive type of Devanagari content. 

Contrasts in religion, standing, ethnicity, calling, and training cover with provincial qualifications to make an unpredictable arrangement of language assortments in which sharp lingo limits can't be drawn. Language specialists have recognized two general sets of vernacular gatherings, be that as it may. The first depends on contrasting phonology: a few gatherings utilize a "tight" phonation, spoken with a raised larynx; others utilize a "mumbled" phonation, spoken with the irregular bringing down of the larynx. The subsequent vernacular pair depends on ethnicity, as there are unmistakable qualifications between speakers who are Parsi and the individuals who are Bohra.

Sinhalese Language :

Sinhalese Language

Sinhalese language, Indo-Aryan language, one of the two authority dialects of Sri Lanka . it had been taken there by pioneers from northern India about the fifth century BC. On account of its detachment from the other Indo-Aryan tongues of territory India, Sinhalese created along autonomous lines. it had been impacted by Pāli, the hallowed language of the Sri Lankan Buddhists, and fewer significantly by Sanskrit. it's obtained an enormous number of words from the Dravidian dialects, for the foremost part from Tamil, which is additionally spoken in Sri Lanka . 

The most punctual engravings in Sinhalese, composed on rock in Brāhmī characters, return around 200 BC. By around 1250 the artistic language had accomplished a structure from which it's shifted little since, in spite of the actual fact that the advanced communicated in language varies extensively from it. Much writing was created, about all of Buddhist motivation, from 1000 on; present day mainstream writing started within the 20 th century. Present day Sinhalese has its own syllabic content. Vernaculars of Sinhalese are spoken within the Lakshadweep and Maldives .

Odia Language :

Odia Language

Odia language, likewise spelled Oriya, Indo-Aryan language with around 50 million speakers. A language authoritatively perceived, or "planned," within the Indian constitution, it's additionally the principle official language of the Indian province of Odisha (Oriya). The language features a few lingos; Mughalbandi (Coastal Odia) is that the standard tongue and therefore the language of educ.

Odia has been vigorously affected by the Dravidian dialects as well as Arabic, Persian, and English. Its dictionary has been enhanced by borrowings from these dialects as well as from Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Turkish, French, Portuguese, and Sanskrit. Words acquired from Sanskrit happen in two structures: tatsama (near the primary structure) and tadbhava (distant from the primary structure). 

Odia permits aggravating, however not in the least like Sanskrit it doesn't permit elision. the use of mixes is more a component of composed than of spoken Odia. Odia has 6 unadulterated vowels, 9 diphthongs, 28 consonants (3 of them retroflex), 4 semivowels, and no consonant-closure words. The composed structure utilizes three diacritics: visarga, anusvara, and candrabindu.